56 and 0.86 when the MAA content in the polymers was varied from 20 to 80 wt %, respectively.
It is inferred from the values of the ‘n’ that non-Fickian diffusion Ro-3306 mechanism has occurred for different EG/MAA compositions. The release rate from matrices prepared under different conditions was studied to determine which factors have the most affect and control over the hydrogel matrix release property. The preparation conditions such as EG/MAA hydrogel composition, pesticide concentration, type of pesticide and irradiation dose greatly affect the pesticide release rate, which also influenced by the pH and temperature of the matrix-surrounding medium. The pesticide release rate decreased as the irradiation dose and pH increased, Selleck MAPK inhibitor but it increased as the MAA content, pesticide concentration and temperature increased. The release rate of Trifluralin is the highest one, whereas the Fluometuron is the lowest. The properties of the prepared hydrogels may make them acceptable for practical use as bioactive controlled release matrices. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1500-1509, 2011″
“This study aimed to investigate the
extent of knowledge and use of emergency contraception among women of reproductive age and to identify barriers existing in Turkey in this context. There is limited research regarding the knowledge and use and barriers to emergency contraception use, since the prepackaged form of hormonal emergency contraception has been available over the counter in Turkey.
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 257 women. Data were collected through face to face interviews with a questionnaire on sociodemographic features, knowledge, use and barriers to emergency contraception.
The rate of unintended pregnancies and abortions was noteworthy in the study, where 36.3% of the subjects revealed
previous unintended www.selleckchem.com/p38-MAPK.html pregnancies and 62.3% of them had undergone surgical termination or spontaneous loss. Remarkably, 42.1% of the respondents had never heard of emergency contraception. Common barriers to the use of emergency contraception were lack of awareness, misconceptions that the pills are abortion inducing and unavailable without prescription and anxiety about harming the fetus. The results indicated differences in practice, although emergency contraception is included in contraception counseling. Sixty percent of the subjects counseled by healthcare professionals stated that they were not informed about emergency contraception; a majority expressed a willingness to receive such information.
Our study has revealed knowledge deficiency on the part of reproductive-aged women about the effective use, safety, mechanism of action, availability without prescription and legal status of emergency contraception. Client barriers were also found, particularly a lack of awareness.