By accounting for the hydrostatic pressure and the stress asymmetry, the EWK model can successfully predict different failure modes in the welding strength tests, including the shear mode, which cannot be predicted by Gurson’s model. Moreover, characteristics of the spotweld, including residual stress, phase distributions, sizes and material roper ties of different zones, are obtained from an analysis with the SYSWELD software and are

then mapped into the failure prediction model to achieve a realistic description of the weldment. Both the simulated results of the FE model combining solid and shell elements MI-503 and those of the model with only solid elements show rather good consistency with the welding strength test data.”
“Small RNAs, a large class of ancient posttranscriptional regulators, have recently attracted considerable attention. A plethora of small RNAs has been identified and characterized, many of which Selleck Liproxstatin-1 belong to the major small noncoding RNA (sRNA) or riboswitch families. It has become increasingly clear that most small RNAs play critical regulatory roles in many processes and are, therefore, considered to be powerful tools for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. In this review, we describe recent achievements in the identification, characterization, and application of small RNAs. We give particular attention to advances

in the design and synthesis of novel sRNAs and riboswitches for metabolic engineering. In addition, a novel strategy for hierarchical control of global metabolic pathways is proposed.”
“Human phospholipid scramblase I

(SCR) was originally described as an intrinsic membrane protein catalyzing transbilayer phospholipid transfer in the absence of ATP. More recently, Galardin in vivo a role as a nuclear transcription factor has been proposed for SCR, either in addition or alternatively to its capacity to facilitate phospholipid flip-flop. Uncertainties exist as well from the structural point of view. A predicted a-helix (aa residues 288-306) located near the C-terminus has been alternatively proposed as a transmembrane domain, or as a protein core structural element. This paper explores the possibilities of the above helical segment as a transmembrane domain. To this aim two peptides were synthesized, one corresponding to the 19 a-helical residues, and one containing both the helix and the subsequent 12-residues constituting the C-end of the protein. The interaction of these peptides with lipid monolayers and bilayers was tested with Langmuir balance surface pressure measurements, proteoliposome reconstitution and analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, tests of bilayer permeability, and fluorescence confocal microscopy. Bilayers of 28 different lipid compositions were examined in which lipid electric charge, bilayer fluidity and lateral heterogeneity (domain formation) were varied.