(C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“We investigated several classes of two coupled Aharonov-Bohm rings that share a finite center common path, where the phase of the electron wave function can be modulated by two distinct magnetic fluxes. The coupling is similar to two coupled atoms. The behavior of charge accumulation
along the center common path or, equivalently, Selleck PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor the bonding and anti-bonding of the two rings can be achieved as the two applied fluxes are varied. Thus, when three external terminals are connected to such coupled rings, the behavior of the electron transport is divided into several classes, depending on the number of atoms in each ring and the locations of the terminals. The results are presented here. The applicable electron wave computing circuits are discussed. In particular, a half-adder construction is shown here by employing the symmetric and anti-symmetric properties of the transmission of a given terminal when the sign of the flux is changed. The analogy of two coupled rings with respect to two spins allows one to make a further connection with traditional spintronics-based schemes.
(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3631782]“
“Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic and space-providing effect of rhBMP-2 produced in an Escherichia coli expression system (ErhBMP-2) with absorbable collagen block (ACB) as the carrier system in the rat calvarial defect model.
Study design. Eight-millimeter diameter calvarial defects were created in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats. U0126 price The animals were divided into 6 groups containing 10 animals each that received sham-surgery control (no material applied), ACB control (ACB alone), or ErhBMP-2/ACB click here (ACB loaded with 0.025 mg/mL ErhBMP-2). Histological and histometric analysis
was performed after 2-and 8-week healing intervals.
Results. On histological observation, the level of bone formation in the defects was generally higher at 8 weeks than at 2 weeks. Surgical implantation of ErhBMP-2/ACB resulted in the enhanced bone regeneration compared with controls. Moreover, the collagen remnants of ACB appeared to be completely resorbed in ACB control and ErhBMP-2/ACB group after 8 weeks. Histometic analysis revealed that the ErhBMP-2/ACB group had a significantly greater augmented area, new bone area, and new bone ratio after 2 and 8 weeks than both control groups. However, there was no difference between 2- and 8-weeks in the ErhBMP-2/ACB group in all aspects of the augmented area, new bone area, and new bone ratio (P < .05).
Conclusion. ErhBMP-2 loaded on ACB can induce favorable bone formation in the rat calvarial defect model, but this collagen carrier in block type did not fulfill the space-maintaining expectations for bone formation by ErhBMP-2.