Design: We provided 72 test meals based on degermed maize flour and milk powder and fortified with [(57)Fe] ferrous fumarate or

[(58)Fe] ferrous sulfate to healthy Mexican preschool children [n = 18; mean (+/- SD) age: 3.6 +/- 1.0 y] and their mothers [n = 18; mean (+/- SD) age: 28.0 +/- 5.2 y]. Iron absorption was calculated on the basis of incorporation of isotopes into erythrocytes after 14 d and was adjusted for differences in iron status.

Results: There was a wide variation in iron absorption from the test meals: in the mothers and children, the median fractional absorption of ferrous sulfate was 22.55% (range: 1.65-54.83%) and 5.51% (range: 2.23-17.20%), respectively (P < 0.0001). After adjustment for serum ferritin, the significant difference in absorption between mothers and their children disappeared. Despite Selleck PXD101 BMN 673 ic50 this broad range of iron absorption, corrected fractional iron absorption from the ferrous fumarate-fortified (r(2) = 0.582) and the ferrous sulfate-fortified test meals (r(2) = 0.557) was strongly correlated in mothers and their children (P < 0.0001). There was a striking positive correlation between the mean

corrected fractional iron absorption from both test meals in mothers and their children (r(2) = 0.782, P < 0.0001). In regression analyses that included age, sex, and hemoglobin, the only significant predictor of corrected fractional iron absorption in children was corrected fractional iron absorption in their mothers (standardized b = 0.884, P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Nonheme-iron absorption exhibits a strong familial tendency. After differences in meal matrix and serum ferritin are accounted for, these data suggest that inheritance and/ or shared environmental

factors explain most of the variance in dietary iron absorption.”
“Introductions and objectives: Information on trends in physical activity is very scarce in Mediterranean countries, which have the highest sedentariness in Europe. This study describes recent trends in leisure time physical check details activity (LTPA) and at work in the Madrid region.

Methods: The data were taken from representative annual surveys of population aged 18-64 years, between 1995 and 2008, 28,084 people participated. We calculated total energy, quantified in metabolic equivalent (MET-1 h per week), spent on LTPA and on light LTPA (<3 MET), moderate LTPA (3-6 MET) and vigorous LTPA (>6 MET). The annual change in LTPA was estimated by linear regression, and occupational activity by logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender and educational level.

Results: The total amount of LTPA in MET-1 h per week declined by 19.8% (P < .001) between 1995 and 2008; for both genders, all age groups and educational levels, except for those with the lowest level of education. The adjusted annual change in MET-1 h per week was: -0.