Human lipodystrophies are characterised by a total or partial deficiency of body fat, and may be inherited or acquired in origin. Genetically engineered mice with generalised lipodystrophy manifest many of the features of the human disorder, including hyperphagia, fatty liver, hypertriglyceridaemia,
insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, providing a useful tractable JQEZ5 model of the human disorder. Partial lipodystrophy, which causes similar, albeit milder, metabolic problems in humans has been more difficult to mimic in the mouse. This review discusses key translational studies in mice with generalised lipodystrophy, including fat transplantation and the use of recombinant leptin replacement therapy. These studies have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the underlying molecular pathogenesis of ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, and have prompted the initiation and subsequent adoption of
leptin replacement therapy in human lipodystrophies. This review also considers the possible reasons for the apparent difficulties in generating mouse models of partial lipodystrophy, such as interspecies differences Quisinostat solubility dmso in the distribution of fat depots and the apparent lack of sexual dimorphism in fat mass and distribution in mice compared with the dramatic differences present in adult humans.”
“Three kinds of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with different
length were obtained by grafting carboxylic groups on long MWNTs or copolymer groups on short and long MWNTs. The modified MWNTs were examined by infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray Selleckchem AG-881 photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Afterward, the modified MWNTs were introduced into poly (furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), and the tribological behaviors of the resultant PFA composite coatings were investigated using a ring-on-block wear tester under dry friction condition. The dispersion of MWNTs in PFA composites and the worn surfaces were investigated by FESEM. The results indicated that the MWNTs dispersion and the tribological behaviors of PFA composite coatings could be obviously improved by modification with the copolymer. More significantly, under similarly uniform dispersion of MWNTs, the tribological properties of PFA composite coatings with short nanotubes presented better results when compared with those with long nanotubes because of the influence of nanotube length on the degree of modification of the MWNTs surfaces. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 2881-2889, 2010″
“Esmolol hydrochloride, an important anti-hypertensive and anti-arrhythmic agent, is administered as intravenous infusion only. The objective of the present work is to screen the feasibility of this drug for transdermal delivery.