In 2011, at age 36 years, he presented with seizure Magnetic res

In 2011, at age 36 years, he presented with seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion in the right middle frontal gyms. Gross-total resection of the tumor was performed, and the histological diagnosis was oligodendroglioma. Genetic analyses revealed amplification of the BRAF gene in both the primary cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma and the recurrent tumor with biphasic features, as well as a BRAF V600E missense mutation in the oligodendroglioma-like component. On the other hand, the IDH1 R132H

mutation, instead of aberrations of the BRAF gene, was identified in the oligodendroglioma check details arising in the right frontal lobe. Different types of aberrations of the BRAT gene in the classic and oligodendroglioma-like component in the recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma suggest that BLZ945 nmr they had different cell origins

or that amplification of BRAF was negatively selected under the de novo BRAF V600E mutation. In addition, the aberration profiles of IDH1 and BRAF suggest that the oligodendroglioma arose independent of cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma. (http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2012.9.JNS112353)”
“Indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) communities have been analyzed for three years (2006, 2007 and 2008) during alcoholic (AF) and malolactic (MLF) fermentations of Tempranillo wines in ten wineries of La Rioja. The results showed that analytical composition of wines and physical-chemical conditions of elaboration influenced the LAB populations, the MLF duration and the percentage of each isolated species

and strains. The SBE-β-CD highest diversity of LAB species was observed during AF in all the wineries. Oenococcus oeni was present in all studied stages of the fermentation process, being the predominant species at final AF stage. The study of 925 isolates of O. oeni by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) allowed the detection of a total of 112 distinct genotypes. Most fermentation stages of both AF and MLF showed mixed O. oeni strain populations, so that there were different genotypes able to share their ecological niche or tank in spontaneous MLF. The frequency of participation of each genotype varied either from year to year or from winery to winery. Otherwise, seven genotypes were detected in the three studied years and in at least three out of the ten studied wineries, being four of them also present in the three studied subzones of this region. These results suggest the existence of an endemic microbiota in this region, the adaptation of indigenous O. oeni strains to the winery conditions every year and the interest of selecting predominant genotypes in order to preserve the biodiversity and peculiarity of these wines. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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