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“Objectives: Clozapine is quite effective to treat schizophrenia, but its use is complicated by several factors. Although many patients respond to antipsychotic therapy, about 50% of them exhibit inadequate response, and ineffective

medication trials may entail weeks of unremitted illness, potential adverse drug reactions, and treatment nonadherence. This review of the literature sought to describe the main pharmacogenetic studies of clozapine and the genes that potentially influence response to treatment with this medication in schizophrenics.\n\nMethods: We searched the PubMed database for studies published selleck products in English in the last 20 years using keywords related to the topic.\n\nResults and Conclusions: Our search yielded 145 studies that met the search and selection criteria. Of these, 21 review articles were excluded. The 124 studies included for analysis showed controversial results. Therefore, efforts to identify key gene mechanisms ACY-738 that will be useful in predicting clozapine response and side effects have not

been fully successful. Further studies with new analysis approaches and larger sample sizes are still required.”
“Objective: To evaluate pregnancy outcomes with and without use of luteal phase support (LPS) in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) performed in natural cycles (NC).\n\nStudy design: Retrospective analysis. Before 1st July 2009, two doses of 1500 ID intramuscular human chorionic gonadotrophin were given on the day of PET and 6 days after the transfer. Such practice was stopped after 1st July 2009. The pregnancy outcomes of NC FET with and without LPS were compared.\n\nResults: A total of 408 NC FET cycles were analysed. Demographic data, embryo quality, clinical

pregnancy rates and miscarriage rates were comparable with and without LPS. By univariate logistic regression, the only significant factors predicting the clinical pregnancy rate were the women’s age, the number of embryos transferred, the number of top quality embryos before and after cryopreservation, and the average number of blastomeres after thawing. Only the women’s age (OR 0.944, 95%C.I. 0.893-0.998, p = 0.044) remained to be a significant predictor of clinical pregnancy rate by multivariate logistic regression.\n\nConclusion: The pregnancy outcomes of NC PET were similar with or without LPS. Selleckchem P005091 The women’s age was the significant factor affecting the clinical pregnancy rate. A randomised trial should be carried out to confirm the results. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are commonly seen in the emergency department and pose several challenges to establishing the proper diagnosis and determining management. This article reviews pediatric UTI and addresses epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and imaging, and their importance to the practicing emergency medicine provider.