Rifampin, CITCO, thyroxine, 9-cis retinoic acid, learn more and TO-901317 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). GW4064, fexaramine, and GW3965 were obtained from Tocris Biosciences (Cedarlane Laboratories Ltd., Hornby, Ontario, Canada). Tritium-labeled taurocholic acid was obtained from PerkinElmer Life Sciences (Waltham, MA). Tritium-labeled rosuvastatin was obtained from American Radiolabeled Chemicals (St. Louis, MO). Huh-7 cells (clone JCRB0403) were purchased from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources (http://cellbank.nihs.go.jp)

and HepG2 cells were obtained from American Tissue Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). Freshly isolated human hepatocytes from five different individuals were obtained from Lonza Verviers SPRL (Verviers

Belgium). Human liver mRNA expression data were obtained from GEO GS39588, which was conducted using a custom Agilent 44,000 feature microarray composed of 39,280 oligonucleotide probes targeting transcripts representing 34,266 known and predicted genes, including high-confidence, noncoding RNA sequences samples.10 Four hundred twenty-three samples from the published dataset were included for analysis in this study and visualized MG-132 manufacturer using principle component analysis. DNA from a subset of the human liver tissue medchemexpress samples (n = 60) provided by the Liver Tissue Procurement and Distribution System (NIH Contract #N01-DK-9-2310) and by the Cooperative Human Tissue Network and processed through the St. Jude Liver Resource at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital was genotyped for common SNPs of SLCO1B1. The SLCO1B1 haplotypes *1b (c.388A>G, rs2306283), *5 (c.521C>T, rs2306283), and *15 (c.388A>G & c.521C>T) were determined by way of direct sequencing. Phenol-chlorophorm

extraction was performed to isolate RNA from in vitro experiments using Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The integrity and content of the RNA was determined using an Agilent Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA). RNA samples were stored at −80°C. Total RNA was reverse-transcribed in a 50-μL reaction volume containing 1,500 ng of RNA with a TaqMan Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Primer pairs used were as follows: OATP1B1 forward, 5′-TGAACACCGTTGGAATTGC-3′; OATP1B1 reverse, 5′-TCTCTATGAGATGTCACTGGAT-3′; NTCP forward, 5′-ACTGGTCCTGGTTCTCATTCC-3′; NTCP reverse, 5′-GTGGCAATCAAGAGTGGTGTC-3′. 18S ribosomal RNA, ABCA1, BSEP (ABCB11), and OATP1B3 were quantified using a predeveloped TaqMan Assay (Hs03003631, Hs01059118, Hs00994811, and Hs00251986, Applied Biosystems). Transporter expression was normalized to that of 18S ribosomal RNA.