Some of the challenges of nanotechnology development in third world nations as reported by Babajide [25] include but not limited to the following:  Lack of proper legislation/regulatory

framework and the relevant political drive  Lower government spending on research and development (R&D)  Lack of infrastructure and human capacity  Lack of proper education relating to curriculum development matters  Lack of private enterprise participation in research and development  Lack of proper collaboration and network programs among agencies  Research institutes and industries that will translate basic research into applied research and end products  Poor industrialization status of the third world countries  Inadequate foreign linkage particularly with donor agencies in nanotechnology  Fear of health, Obeticholic Acid in vitro environmental, and safety risks associated with nanotechnology Lessons for Africa and LDC – the nanotechnology way forward Various lessons can be learnt from this discussion

on nanotechnology initiatives for African nations and other click here LDC, which they can adopt as practical steps to establish a robust nanotechnology program in their country. These lessons include but not limited to the following: 1. A ministry of nanotechnology or a department of nanotechnology should be created under the ministry of science and technology to focus on most human capital development through students on researcher support program as well oversee the general activities of nanotechnology in the nation.   2. A strong collaboration link between African nations and nations like South Africa, India, and European Union which has strong nanotechnology capabilities should be established in order to help guide them on various areas of nanotechnology activities including funding.   3. The nation’s policy formulations and definite goals should favor nanoscience and nanotechnology such that inclusion of nanotechnology budget in relevant ministry

of government is guaranteed.   4. African nations and LDC can only make a headway in the activities of nanotechnology by making enormous budgetary allocations to research and development of nanotechnology and indeed launch the NNI formally like other nations that are already advanced in nanotechnology programs.   5. A wide campaign through seminars/symposiums should be carried out through universities/governmental agencies so as to recognize the importance of nanotechnology in the oncoming industrial revolution.   6. Private companies should be encouraged to partner with the public sector in funding nanotechnology programs with a view to develop nanotechnology and improve the nation’s economy.   7. Short- and long-term plans on nanotechnology should be set in motion to promote the development of new companies, new products, and advance materials.   8.