SUB1C is invariably present and acts downstream of the enhancemen

SUB1C is invariably present and acts downstream of the enhancement of GA responsiveness during submergence. In this study, heterologous Vactosertib ectopic expression of rice SUB1A and SUB1C in Arabidopsis thaliana was used to explore conserved mechanisms of action associated with these genes using developmental,

physiological and molecular metrics. As in rice transgenic plants that ectopically express SUB1A-1, Arabidopsis transgenic plants that constitutively express SUB1A displayed GA insensitivity and abscisic acid hypersensitivity. Ectopic SUB1C expression had more limited effects on development, stress responses and the transcriptome. Observation of a delayed flowering phenotype in lines over-expressing SUB1A led to the finding that inhibition of floral initiation is a component of the quiescence survival BEZ235 order strategy in rice. Together, these analyses demonstrate conserved as well as specific roles for group VII ethylene response factors in integration of abiotic responses with development.”
“In our recent study, pH-sensitive polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes were prepared by blending poly (acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (PANAA), and the electroviscous effect had great effect on the water flux change. While the question remains: is the water flux change caused by the electroviscous effect for all the membranes with different pore sizes? Herein, pH-sensitive hollow

fiber membranes with different pore sizes were prepared. The pore size and the theoretic water flux were calculated through the ultrafiltration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Comparing the calculated fluxes and the experimental ones,

we found that the water flux change was mainly caused by the pore size change at the pH value larger than pKa, while that was caused VX-809 molecular weight by both the pore size change and the electroviscous effect when pH value was smaller than the pKa, and the pore size change was caused by the ionization of the -COOH in the copolymer. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 2320-2329, 2012″
“In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Withania somnifera, an indigenous medicinal herb used in ayurvedic traditional systems for more than 3000 years in India, on gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity. The root extract of three different doses of W. somnifera (viz., 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats for 14 days before GEN treatment and thereafter concurrently with GEN (100 mg/kg) for 8 days. Nephrotoxicity was evident in GEN-treated rats by significant increase in kidney weight, urea, creatinine, urinary protein, and glucose, and significant reduction in body weights and potassium, which was histopathologically confirmed by tubular necrosis. In contrast W. somnifera (500 mg/kg) significantly reversed these changes as evidenced microscopically when compared to other two doses of W.

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