The anterior and posterior stability of the knee was measured using the KT-1000 arthrometer.\n\nResults According to the Peyrache grading method, grade 1 femoral bone tunnel enlargement was observed in three cases six months after surgery. No grade 2 or grade 3 bone tunnel enlargement was found. The bone tunnel enlargement in the three cases was close to the articular surface with an average tunnel enlargement of (2.5 +/- 0.3) mm. Forty cases were evaluated as grade 0. The average tibial and femoral tunnel enlargements at the last follow-up were (0.8 +/- 0.3) and (1.1 +/- 0.3) mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference selleck kinase inhibitor in bone tunnel width changes at different time points (P >0.05).
X-ray and CT measurements were consistent.\n\nConclusions There was no marked bone tunnel enlargement immediately following ACL reconstruction using LARS artificial ligament. Such enlargement may, however, result from varying grafting factors buy AZD1208 involving the LARS artificial ligament or from different fixation methods. Chin Med J 2012;125(22):3961-3965″
“Background: The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family constitutes of dimeric proteins that regulate the growth, differentiation and metabolism of many cell types, including that of skeletal muscle in mammals. The potential role of TGF-beta s in fish muscle growth is not known.\n\nResults: Here we report the molecular
characterization, developmental and tissue expression and regulation by nutritional state of a novel TGF-beta gene from a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. S. aurata TGF-beta 6 is encoded by seven exons 361, 164, 133, 111, Cyclopamine mouse 181, 154, and 156 bp in length and is translated into a 420-amino acid peptide. The exons are separated by six introns: >643, 415, 93, 1250, 425 and >287 bp in length.
Although the gene organization is most similar to mouse and chicken TGF-beta 2, the deduced amino acid sequence represents a novel TGF-beta that is unique to fish that we have named TGF-beta 6. The molecule has conserved putative functional residues, including a cleavage motif (RXXR) and nine cysteine residues that are characteristic of TGF-beta. Semi-quantitative analysis of TGF-beta 6 expression revealed differential expression in various tissues of adult fish with high levels in skin and muscle, very low levels in liver, and moderate levels in other tissues including brain, eye and pituitary. TGF-beta 6 is expressed in larvae on day of hatching and increases as development progresses. A fasting period of five days of juvenile fish resulted in increased levels of TGF-beta 6 expression in white skeletal muscle compared to that in fed fish, which was slightly attenuated by one injection of growth hormone.\n\nConclusion: Our findings provide valuable insights about genomic information and nutritional regulation of TGF-beta 6 which will aid the further investigation of the S.