The authors used naïve mice aged 2, 8, and 18 months, reflecting young, middle, and old age, and fed them a high fat diet (HFD). Whereas increased body weight and features of the metabolic syndrome were observed in all the groups, liver injury occurred only in the two older age groups as detected by transaminase levels and apoptosis assays. Therefore, aging affected inflammation and CHIR-99021 supplier injury in the liver induced by HFD, but not insulin sensitivity.[1] Although these findings are in line with the inflamm-aging theory, according to which aging accrues liver inflammation,[2] and show that aging per se does not affect steatosis, there are some interesting aspects to be underlined. Steatosis/NASH are common

precursors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the aging liver has been shown in rodents to provide a pro-proliferative clonogenic environment.[3] However, very strong epidemiological data suggest that in humans the incidence of HCC drops significantly in individuals aged more than 70.[4] Interestingly, there are only inconclusive data available

on the progression from steatosis to NASH in the very elderly.[5] Mice aged of 18 months, like the ones used in this study, correspond to humans age 56, roughly.[6] Fontana et al. do not address the relationship between very old age and steatosis/NASH. There might be an age window when the livers of “survivors” (mouse or human) become resistant to develop injury, which needs to be looked at to understand fully the interaction between age and liver diseases in a therapeutic perspective. Manlio Vinciguerra PhD “
“The deposition Alisertib concentration of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen and elastin, is one of the hallmarks of liver fibrosis. In recent years it has become increasingly clear that tissue repair and remodeling are highly dynamic processes, resulting in continuous synthesis and turnover of ECM components during hepatofibrogenesis, and in disease state-specific 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 changes in both the quantitative amount and qualitative composition of the ECM.[1] In the June 2012 issue of HEPATOLOGY, Pellicoro et al.[2] elegantly demonstrate that elastin accumulation represents a distinct feature of advanced-stage

liver fibrosis, because of both increased synthesis and decreased macrophage metalloelastase (MMP12)-mediated degradation. Taking these findings, and the results recently reported by Polasek et al.[3] on a collagen-specific magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent into account, we reasoned that elastin might be a promising novel target for molecular MR monitoring of ECM-remodeling during hepatic fibrosis. We therefore evaluated the accumulation of the gadolinium-containing elastin-specific MR contrast agent ESMA, which has been shown to facilitate noninvasive assessment of atherosclerotic plaque burden[4] in experimental murine liver fibrosis using a clinical 3.0T Philips Achieva MRI scanner. Two hours after intravenous administration of 0.