The life-history characteristics of Botryllus make it an excellent model to dissect the functional and developmental mechanisms underlying allorecognition, and have the potential to reveal novel insights into issues from innate recognition strategies to the evolution of genetic polymorphism. In addition, we hypothesize that allorecognition
in Botryllus must be based on conserved processes that are fundamental to all immune function: education and tolerance, or the ontogeny and maintenance of specificity.”
“The polarization switching transients of spray deposited ferroelectric (NH4)(0.391)K0.61NO3 (NKN) films has been analyzed with nucleation limited switching (NLS) model by considering domain growth limited GW786034 process. The experimentally measured microscopic polarization switching curves fitted well with NLS model and the characteristic switching times obeyed the Lorentzian distribution function. The local field variation was found to be minimum at pulse amplitude 15 V, which makes the polarization reversal more probable. The value of spontaneous polarization, P-s and coercive field, E-c was found to be 6.58 mu C/cm(2) and 4.10 kV/cm, respectively.
The value of Ps from the switching and P-E loop is in good agreement with each other. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images of the NKN film reveal the formation of nanoparticles of NKN. (C) 2010 American Institute NSC 66389 of Physics. SNX-5422 [doi:10.1063/1.3457228]“
“Mei-gui Hua has been used as a crude drug in traditional medicine and as herbal tea in China. The scientific name of Mei-gui is Rosa rugosa thunb. However, the morphological characteristics and botanical ecology of Mei-gui were different from
those of R. rugosa. Since the botanical origins of Mei-gui cultivated in China have not yet been clarified, we compared Mei-gui and R. rugosa in terms of their morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis, and phytochemical studies. Our research suggested that Mei-gui cultivated around Tarim Basin in Xinjiang Province showed homology to Rosa gallica, while those cultivated in the northeastern parts of China are considered to be hybrids of R. rugosa.”
“Sporadic diseases, which occur as single, scattered cases, are among the commonest causes of human morbidity and death. They result in a variety of diseases, including many cancers, premature aging, neurodegeneration and skeletal defects. They are often pathogenetically complex, involving a mosaic distribution of affected cells and are difficult to model in the mouse. Faithful models of sporadic diseases require innovative forms of genetic manipulation to accurately recreate their initiation and pathogenesis. Such modelling is crucial to understanding these diseases and, by extension, to the development of therapeutic approaches to treat them.