We show analytically that for weak selection, this scenario is identical to the usual approach in which an individual interacts with the whole population. For strong ACY-1215 ic50 selection, however, differences arise that are reflected in the fixation probabilities and lead to deviating evolutionary dynamics. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVE: Primary malignant odontogenic tumors in the suprasellar region have rarely been reported.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A partially cystic tumor that originated from the stalk and showed rapid enlargement was observed in a 56-year-old woman.

INTERVENTION: Gross total removal of the tumor was performed with sacrifice of the stalk.

The tumor was a malignant epithelial type with odontogenic features, whereas findings consistent with craniopharyngioma were absent. The tumor recurred 14 months after surgery.

CONCLUSION: The present unusual tumor may represent a novel member of malignant tumors of the suprasellar region. Given the common embryological origin of craniopharyngiomas to odontogenic lesions, a possible correlation with craniopharyngioma was suggested.”
“Neutral dynamics occur in evolution if all types

are ‘effectively equal’ in their reproductive success, where the definition of effectively equal’ selleck inhibitor depends on the population size and the details of mutations. Empirically observed neutral genetic evolution in extremely large clonal populations can only be explained under current models if selection is completely

absent. Such models typically this website consider the case where population dynamics occurs on a different timescale to evolution. However. this assumption is invalid when mutations are not rare in a whole population. We show that this has important consequences for the occurrence of neutral evolution in clonal populations. In highly connected type spaces, neutral dynamics can occur for all population sizes despite significant selective differences, via the forming of effectively neutral networks connecting rare neutral types. Biological implications include an explanation for the high diversity of rare types that survive in large clonal populations, and a theoretical justification for the use of neutral null models. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVE: Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies-usually from a low-velocity puncture-are elusive and demand a low threshold for further imaging. In patients with traumatic injuries, orbital and intracranial air from fractures may be present, and it is particularly easy to overlook a wooden fragment

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old equestrian was kicked in the face by the rear hoof of a horse. The event was captured on video by her husband. Although no obvious entry point in and around the eye was observed, her ocular examination was notable for superior orbital fissure syndrome and increasing intraocular pressure in the left eye.