We observed that the pre- and posttransition signal-to-noise ratio traces begin to diverge three beats after the transition in AV delay. We believe this represents the time taken for the peripheral response to pacing-induced changes in stroke volume to occur.

Conclusions: The most efficient way to use alternating transitions for the hemodynamic optimization of CRT is to use an averaging window of one respiratory cycle, and not to

skip any beats between the pretransition and posttransition averaging windows. (PACE 2011; 34:217-225).”
“To investigate the characteristics and Values of plant proteins for lignocellulose conversion, cellulase synergetic proteins for lignocellulose hydrolysis were separated from fresh corn stover. The synergetic proteins

have strong hydrophobic characterization, Cediranib yet no cellulose hydrolytic activity. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the hydrophobic protein with highest abundance might be cell membrane protein of Zea mays. Compared with steam-exploded corn stover hydrolysis with microbial cellulase mixture, the glucose production was improved by 31.88% with hydrophobic proteins addition. Synergetic mechanism analysis indicated that the hydrophobic proteins reduced unspecific cellulase Cyclosporin A in vivo adsorption onto non-cellulose component of lignocelluloses during hydrolysis. The effect is more significant for exoglucanase and beta-glucosidase. The amount of hydrophobic proteins in fresh corn stover is large. Therefore, Supplementing microbial cellulase complex

with hydrophobic proteins of plant for lignocellulose hydrolysis is a promising way for cost reduction in lignocellulose conversion. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All Fights reserved.”
“Mullite, a conventional refractory material, was observed to exhibit a peculiar nano-order fragmentation accompanying a phase transition induced by a shock wave. We propose a mechanism for this nanofragmentation, based on a comparative study of mullite-related materials. The microtextures of the mullite-related materials were affected by their initial crystal structure and chemical composition, indicating that oxygen vacancies in the crystal structure play an important role in the nanofragmentation. 5-Fluoracil order The results of the present study will help enable the deliberate control of the physical and mechanical properties of materials during high-velocity impact. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3493153]“
“Methods: Twelve patients (11 male, 59 +/- 16.8 years) undergoing CRT had three-dimensional (3D) whole-heart imaging (six CT, six CMR). Eight patients had at least one previously failed LV lead implant. Using segmentation software, anatomical models of the cardiac chambers, CS, and its branches were overlaid onto the live fluoroscopy using a prototype version of the Philips EP Navigator software to guide lead implantation.

Given the recent availability of the whole-genome sequence of cotton, it is necessary to develop molecular tools and resources for large-scale

analysis of gene functions at the genome-wide level. We have successfully developed an Agrobacterium-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay in several cotton cultivars with various genetic backgrounds. The genes of interest were potently and readily silenced within 2 weeks after inoculation at the seedling stage. Importantly, we showed that silencing GhNDR1 and GhMKK2 compromised cotton resistance to the infection by Verticillium dahliae, a fungal pathogen causing Verticillium wilt. Furthermore, we developed a cotton protoplast system for transient gene expression to study gene buy KPT-8602 functions by a gain-of-function approach. The viable protoplasts were isolated from green cotyledons, etiolated cotyledons and true leaves, MK5108 datasheet and responded to a wide range of

pathogen elicitors and phytohormones. Remarkably, cotton plants possess conserved, but also distinct, MAP kinase activation with Arabidopsis upon bacterial elicitor flagellin perception. Thus, using gene silencing assays, we have shown that GhNDR1 and GhMKK2 are required for Verticillium resistance in cotton, and have developed high throughput loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays for functional genomic studies in cotton.”
“Compared with the general pavement, the steel bridge deck pavement endure much larger deform and higher temperature. Epoxy asphalts were used to prepare modified asphalt concrete for steel bridge deck paving. The effects of epoxy resin contents on the fatigue life and creep properties of epoxy AZD1208 in vitro asphalt mixture were investigated in this study. The fatigue properties of epoxy asphalt mixtures were studied by the indirect tension fatigue test at different stress. A static creep test with a loading and recovery period was conducted on the asphalt mixture. The results showed that the fatigue life and recovery elasticity of asphalt mixtures with epoxy resins was large, which indicated that the fatigue

property could be improved by epoxy resin. Compared with control asphalt, epoxy asphalt showed better resistance to deformation and recovery performance. Epoxy resin has caused a dramatic ascent in the creep stiffness modulus of asphalt mixture. And Burgers model can describe the creep performance of epoxy asphalt. Based on the obtained results, epoxy asphalt mixtures had decrease in permanent deformation and increase in fatigue life. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 2310-2316, 2011″
“Purpose: To determine whether well-described patterns of altered perfusion in schizophrenia can be identified by using continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) with a whole-brain imaging sequence.

Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the local institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“The amorphization of silicon due to atomic displacement during ion implantation has been simulated. A model based on Monte Carlo calculation reproduces very well the depth profile of atomic mixing and displacement length of host silicon atoms reported by previous experiments. The critical displacement in the depth direction for amorphization has been

determined to be 5 angstrom. This average threshold value is shown to be universal for identification of amorphous regions in silicon for a wide range of implantation conditions involving different doping species, acceleration energies, and doses. 4EGI-1 inhibitor (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3592256]“
“Background: Copanlisib cost Otitis media is a common and costly disease that peaks in early childhood. Recent reviews concluded that the relationship between otitis media and atopy is not well understood, and that further research is warranted.

Methods: Logistic regression was used to analyze data from a German Birth Cohort (n = 1690; born 1997-1999). Parental questionnaires were used to assess children for physician-diagnosed otitis media throughout the first 2 years of life and for incident atopic disease (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema) during the sixth year of life. Odds ratios were adjusted for gender, older siblings, city, parental education, breast-feeding, and day-care.

Parallel analyses were completed for the full birth cohort and for a population subset with atopic mothers.

Results: The adjusted odds of asthma were elevated for children with early-life otitis media, but were statistically significant only for those children with at least 3 episodes (adjusted odds ratio: 4.26 [95% confidence interval:

1.34-13.6]). AZD9291 nmr Associations between early-life otitis media and allergic rhinitis were largely inconsistent. There was a positive association between early-life otitis media and late-onset allergic eczema (>= 2 episodes: 2.68 [1.35-5.33], >= 3 episodes: 3.84 [1.80-8.18]). Similar results were found for the maternal atopy subgroup but with greater effect estimates.

Conclusions: Children diagnosed with otitis media during infancy were at greater risk for developing late-onset allergic eczema and asthma during school age, and associations were stronger for frequent otitis. These results indicate that frequent otitis media during infancy may predispose children to atopic disease in later life.”
“Introduction: To evaluate the effect of American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) scores on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) outcomes. Materials and Methods: The records of 186 consecutive patients undergoing PNL procedures from 2006 to 2011 at a single institution were evaluated. Patients were divided into a low-risk group with a preoperative ASA of I or II and a high-risk group with ASA of III or IV.

Among angiogenic factors, only VEGF expression was maintained in response to HIF-1, while other factors such as HGF, Ang-1, PLGF, and SDF-1 decreased in the implanted bone marrow cells of the patients with CLI compared to normal bone marrow cells. HIF-1 and all of the five

angiogenic factors increased in vitro in response to hypoxia. Thus it is highly likely that angiogenic factors except VEGF do not respond to chronic ischemia in bone marrow in vivo. An organ-protection system against tissue ischemia may be applied for acute hypoxia, but it may be insufficient for chronic ischemia.”
“There are increasing AZD0530 cost concerns relating to the ionizing effects of computed tomography imaging in infants with benign conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potential alternative to ionizing radiation when determining patency of the cranial sutures; however, there is no documentation in the literature on the appearance of normal cranial sutures in infants on MRI. This study reviews the appearance of the cranial sutures, their widths, and accuracy of identification in the first year of life on MRI.

The coronal, see more sagittal, and lambdoid sutures were evaluated by 5 assessors on 100 anonymized MRI scans in infants aged 1 to 361 days. The sutures were scored on a 3-point scale. The MRI sequences investigated

were axial T1, axial T2, coronal fluid attenuated inversion recovery, axial short tau inversion recovery, and sagittal T1. The suture widths were measured in those cases where they were clearly identifiable, and agreement was obtained in the first aspect of the study (n = 38).

A kappa score of 0.6 was obtained for interrater agreement. An increasing total score for all sutures with advancing age was found (P < 0.05). The mean suture widths for the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures Napabucasin ic50 were 1.2 (SD, 0.4), 1.4 (SD, 0.4), and 1.3 (SD, 0.3) mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in suture width with

age.

The appearance of cranial sutures on MRI is as an area of signal void, which may be difficult to clearly define, thus making it unreliable as a standard investigation in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis.”
“Purpose of review

Routine integration of simulation into healthcare education and practice has gained momentum. Simulation is particularly important to acute and critical care pediatrics, as it offers alternative methods of training for high-risk and/or lower-frequency events in children. This review will discuss the recent advances in simulation education for pediatric critical care and emergency medicine and assess its potential for future growth through these subspecialties.

Recent findings

Research indicates that simulation with a high-fidelity manikin is more realistic than with a simple manikin. Multievent simulation centers, on-site suites and mobile units for in-situ training offer a variety of venues for training.

The number of unmet needs was more highly correlated with psychological distress and HRQoL than unmet need strength.

ConclusionsThe majority of TC survivors reported one or more unmet needs. Unmet needs regarding existential survivorship issues were frequently reported by TC survivors selleck screening library despite their favorable prognosis. Relationships unmet needs were less prevalent but still more common than in breast and gynecological cancer

survivors. These findings appear to be related to the young age of TC survivors. As a higher number of unmet needs is significantly associated with psychological morbidity and impaired HRQoL, interventions addressing this constellation of issues are needed. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Major depressive disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, with a worldwide lifetime prevalence rate of 10%-20% in women and a slightly lower rate in men. While many patients are successfully treated using established therapeutic strategies, a significant percentage of patients fail to respond. This report describes the successful recovery of a previously treatmentresistant

patient following right unilateral deep brain stimulation of Brodmann’s area 25. Current therapeutic approaches to treatment-resistant patients are reviewed in the context of this case with an emphasis on the role of the right and left hemispheres in mediating disease pathogenesis and clinical recovery. (The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2010; AZD5582 datasheet 22:265-277)”
“Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) enteroclysis in the detection of small-bowel neoplasms in symptomatic patients, with conventional endoscopy, tissue specimen, capsule endoscopy, conventional enteroclysis, and follow-up findings as reference standards.

Materials Small molecule high throughput screening and Methods: The study protocol was approved by the human research committee, and all patients gave written informed

consent. One hundred fifty patients (83 male, 67 female; mean age, 42.6 years; age range, 17-84 years) who were clinically suspected of having small-bowel neoplasm and whose previous upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy findings were normal underwent MR enteroclysis. The MR enteroclysis findings were prospectively evaluated for the presence of focal bowel wall thickening, small-bowel masses, and small-bowel stenosis. Positive MR enteroclysis findings were compared with histopathologic examination results obtained after surgical (n = 19) or endoscopic (n = 2) procedures. Negative MR enteroclysis results were compared with the results of enteroscopy (n = 5), capsule endoscopy (n = 53), or conventional enteroclysis with subsequent clinical follow-up (n = 71). The diagnostic performance of MR enteroclysis was analyzed on a per-patient basis.

Suitable stabilization to render these alternative insecticides longer lasting could provide a less controversial

and more acceptable and effective alternative insecticide formulations than DDT.

Methods: This study sought to investigate the reasons behind the often reported longer lasting behaviour of DDT by exposing all the WHO approved insecticides to high temperature, high humidity and ultra-violet light. Interactions between the insecticides and some mineral powders in the presence of an aqueous medium were also tested. Simple insecticidal paints were made using slurries of these mineral powders whilst some insecticides were dispersed into a conventional acrylic paint binder. These formulations were then spray painted on neat and manure coated mud learn more plaques, representative of the material typically used in rural mud houses, at twice the upper limit of the WHO recommended dosage range. DDT was applied directly onto mud plaques at four times the WHO recommended concentration and on manure plaques at twice WHO recommended concentration. All plaques were subjected

see more to accelerated ageing conditions of 40 degrees C and a relative humidity of 90%.

Results: The pyrethroids insecticides outperformed the carbamates and DDT in the accelerated ageing tests. Thus UV exposure, high temperature oxidation and high humidity per se were ruled out as the main causes of failure of the alternative insecticides. Gas chromatography (GC) spectrograms showed that phosphogypsum stabilised the insecticides the most against alkaline degradation (i.e., hydrolysis). Bioassay testing showed that the period of efficacy of some of these formulations was comparable to that of DDT when sprayed on mud surfaces or cattle manure coated surfaces.

Conclusions: Bioassay experiments indicated that incorporating insecticides into a conventional paint binder or adsorbing them onto phosphogypsum can provide for extended effective life spans that compare favourably with DDT’s performance under accelerated ageing conditions. Best results were obtained with propoxur in standard acrylic

emulsion selleck screening library paint. Similarly, insecticides adsorbed on phosphogypsum and sprayed on cattle manure coated surfaces provided superior lifespans compared with DDT sprayed directly on a similar surface.”
“The pneumolysin (ply) gene is widely used as a target in PCR assays for Streptococcus pneumoniae in respiratory secretions. However, false-positive results with conventional ply-based PCR have been reported. The aim here was to study the performance of a quantitative ply-based PCR for the identification of pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). In a prospective study, fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 156 hospitalized adult patients with LRTI and 31 controls who underwent bronchoscopy because of suspicion of malignancy.

(PACE 2009; 32:S116-S119)”
“A noncoplanar mesh design that enables electronic systems to achieve large, reversible levels stretchability (>100%) is studied theoretically and experimentally. The design

uses semiconductor device islands and buckled thin interconnects on elastometric substrates. A mechanics model is established to understand the underlying physics and to guide the design of such systems. The predicted buckle Selleckchem AZ 628 amplitude agrees well with experiments within 5.5% error without any parameter fitting. The results also give the maximum strains in the interconnects and the islands, as well as the overall system stretchability and compressibility. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3148245]“
“Gender plays a pivotal role in the onset as well as in the progression of the cardiovascular disease with a higher morbidity and mortality being detected in men with respect to women. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may reduce gender-related differences PF00299804 in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease by fading the vascular protective effects afforded by estrogen in females. This article will discuss the role of sex and sex hormones on the

incidence and mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction associated to T2DM, which might explain why women with T2DM lack the vascular protection.”
“Endometriosis is a common condition associated with pelvic pain and infertility. This study group has previously shown that supplementation of dendritic cells led to enhancement of endometriosis lesion growth and angiogenesis. This study determined whether endometriosis is dependent on the presence GSK461364 concentration of endogenous dendritic cells. Surgical induction of endometriosis was performed in CD11c(+) DTR/GFP transgenic (Tg) female mice in which dendritic cells were ablated upon injection

of diphtheria toxin (DT). Mice were allocated into four groups (n = 5 each): group I, wild-type mice treated with vehicle; group II, wild-type mice treated with DT; group III, Tg mice treated with DT; and group IV, Tg mice treated with vehicle. After 10 days, mice were killed and endometriosis lesions were analysed by flow cytometry. DT treatment led to ablation of dendritic cells in spleens and endometriosis lesions in Tg mice while no ablation was observed in controls. Corresponding to dentritic cell ablation, endometriosis lesions in group III were similar to 5-fold smaller than in the control groups (ANOVA P < 0.0001). This study suggests that endometriosis development is dependent on the presence of endogenous dendritic cells. Therapies designed to inhibit dentritic cell infiltration as possible treatments for endometriosis warrant further study. (C) 2014, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: To compare the rates of all-cause mortality in recipients of cardiac resynchronization therapy devices without (CRT-PM) versus with defibrillator (CRT-D).

The first

two steps were conducted to have the basic polymers. The first step was introducing of epoxy groups to its chemical structure through grafting process with poly(glycidylmethacrylate) (PGMA). The second step was converting the introduced epoxy groups to imides groups followed by phosphoric acid (-PO3H) doping as the last step. This step significantly contributes to induce ion exchange capacity (IEC) and ionic conductivity (IC). Chemical changes of the cellophane composition and morphology characters were followed using FTIR, learn more TGA, and SEM analysis. Different factors affecting the membranes characters especially IEC, methanol permeability, and thermal stability were investigated and optimized to have the best preparation selleck products conditions. Compared to Nafion 117 membrane, cellophane-modified membranes show a better IEC, less methanol permeability, and better mechanical and thermal stability. IEC in the range of 12.3 meq/g compared to 0.9 meq/g per Nafion was obtained, and methanol permeability has been reduced by one-order magnitude. However, the maximum obtained IC for cellophane-PGMA-grafted membrane doped with phosphoric acid was found 2.33 x 10(-3) (S cm(-1)) compared to 3.88 x 10(-2) (S cm(-1)) for Nafion 117. The obtained

results are very promising for conducting further investigations taking into consideration the very low price of cellophane compared to Nafion. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 3710-3724, 2012″
“By spherical aberration

(CS)-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), the atomic and electronic structures at the CrN/Cr interface are studied. A transition layer is formed at the CrN/Cr interface, which is identified as hexagonal Cr(2)N. The atomic structures at the interfaces are revealed. The elemental concentration distribution across the interface was quantified by EELS. The fine structures of Cr-L(2,3) in Cr, CrN, and Cr(2)N exhibit a subtle difference. The Cr-L(2,3) edge in CrN shows a noticeable chemical shift as check details compared to Cr and Cr(2)N, accompanied by a slight variation at the corresponding N-K edge. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3624772]“
“C-reactive protein (CRP) is produced by the macrophages in the liver and adipocytes and is integrated in the acute-phase response pathway. Being a nonspecific marker of inflammation, it increases in response to inflammation. The results of recent studies that have analyzed the role of CRP have not yet influenced current clinical practice. When used in combination with other established biomarkers for the prediction of the first major cardiovascular event or death, CRP does not improve the risk stratification obtained with the current guidelines.

68), and total bleeding rates (p = 0.74) were similar between the two groups during the 2-year follow-up. Decreases from baseline in IL-6 (-2.79 +/- 2.83 and -2.14 +/- 3.36 pg/ml, p = 0.010, respectively) and TNF-alpha (-2.81 +/- 1.97 and -2.21 +/- 2.68 pg/ml, p = 0.029, respectively) were significantly greater in the cilostazol group than the control group during this website the follow-up. Cilostazol treatment, with greater anti-inflammatory effect, inhibited the progression of carotid IMT without

increasing the risk of bleeding in patients with ACS during the 2-year follow-up.”
“This study examined the impact of an emergency department (ED) observation unit’s accelerated diagnostic protocol (ADP) on hospital length of stay (LOS), cost of care, and clinical outcome of patients who had sustained a transient ischemic attack (TIA). All patients with TIA presenting to the ED over a 18-consecutive month period were eligible for the study. During the initial 11 months of the study (pre-ADP period), all patients were admitted to the neurology service. Over the subsequent 7 months (post-ADP period), patients were either managed using the ADP or were admitted based on ADP

exclusion selleck chemicals llc criteria or at a physician’s discretion. All patients had orders for serial clinical examinations, neurologic evaluation, cardiac monitoring, vascular imaging of the brain and neck, and echocardiography. A total of 142 patients were included in the study (mean age, 67.9 +/- 13.9 years; 61% female; mean ABCD(2) score, 4.3 +/- 1.4). In the

post-ADP period, 68% of the patients were managed using the ADP. Of these patients, 79% were discharged with a median LOS of 25.5 hours (ED + observation unit). Compared with the pre-ADP patients, the post-ADP patients (ADP and non-ADP) had a 20.8-hour shorter median LOS (95% confidence interval, 16.3-25.1 hours; P<.01) than pre-ADP patients and lower median associated costs (cost difference, $1643; 95% confidence interval, $1047-$ 2238). The stroke rate at 90 days was low in both groups (pre-ADP, 0%; post-ADP, 1.2%). Our findings indicate that introduction of an ED observation unit ADP for patients with TIA at a primary stroke center is associated with a significantly shorter LOS and lower costs compared with inpatient admission, with comparable Cyclosporin A research buy clinical outcomes.”
“The development of a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with a clonally distinct myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) is a rare phenomenon. Here we report a case of essential thrombocythemia (ET) who, 15 years later, developed B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Molecular studies showed the myeloid cells were positive for the JAK2 V617F mutation, while the CLL cells were negative, emphasizing that these are 2 distinct, unrelated clonal hematologic malignancies in the same individual.”
“Background: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is primarily produced by the liver under the stimulation of growth hormone, and has systemic growth effects.

4 index (normal, <0.8 index), and immunoglobulin G was >= 240 IU/mL (normal, <6 IU/mL). Maternal oral administration of azithromycin in addition to sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and acetylspiramycin was conducted. Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred at 32 weeks and a male infant weighing 2036 g was born. Hepatosplenomegaly, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, ascites, and meningitis were confirmed NSC 136476 after birth. The infant underwent therapy with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. It seems imperative to establish a new drug choice for fetal therapy of severe symptomatic

toxoplasmosis in order to reduce the maternal and fetal risks of drug side-effects.”
“A cold-adapted lipase producing bacterium, designated SS-33(T), was isolated from sea sediment

collected from the Bay of Bengal, India, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain SS-33(T) exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. urealyticus (97.18 %), Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. bovis (97.16 %) and Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii (97.04 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene JIB-04 datasheet sequences showed that strain SS-33(T) belongs to the genus Staphylococcus. Cells of strain SS-33(T) were Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acid detected in strain SS-33(T) was JPH203 price anteiso-C15:0 and the menaquinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G + C content was 33 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization among strain SS-33(T) and the closely related species indicated that strain SS-33(T) represents a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus. On the basis of the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the results of phylogenetic analysis and the DNA-DNA hybridization, a novel

species is proposed for strain SS-33(T), with the name Staphylococcus lipolyticus sp. nov. The strain type is SS-33(T) (=MTCC 10101(T) = JCM 16560(T)). Staphylococcus lipolyticus SS-33(T) hydrolyzed various substrates including tributyrin, olive oil, Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, and Tween 80 at low temperatures, as well as mesophilic temperatures. Lipase from strain SS-33(T) was partially purified by acetone precipitation. The molecular weight of lipase protein was determined 67 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Zymography was performed to monitor the lipase activity in Native-PAGE. Calcium ions increased lipase activity twofold. The optimum pH of lipase was pH 7.0 and optimum temperature was 30 A degrees C. However, lipase exhibited 90 % activity of its optimum temperature at 10 A degrees C and became more stable at 10 A degrees C as compared to 30 A degrees C. The lipase activity and stability at low temperature has wide ranging applications in various industrial processes. Therefore, cold-adapted mesophilic lipase from strain SS-33(T) may be used for industrial applications.